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Centreeurope.org |
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Distribution sector in Poland |
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distribution arrived to Poland at the middle of the years 1990,
in a context of competition and in a not very constraining legal
environment. Next to German, English or Dutchwomen chains, the
principal French groups are present, among which Auchan, Leroy
Merlin, Norauto, Décathlon, Géant Casino, Carrefour,
Champion, Leclerc, Intermarché, Castorama, Go Sport, Leader
Price, Conforama and Musketeers. On their side, the Polish retailers
met in groupings such as the chain of Lewiatan mini-markets and
some thousand stores and distributors, or chains of hypermarkets
like Piotr I Pawe which develops successfully a network of hypermarkets.
The great distribution is so present in Poland that in 2000 in
Cracow, four hypermarkets of more than 10 000 m² were in
the same street.
The supermarkets are very present in the voïvodie of Mazovia, just as in Low-Silesia and Silesia. They also have a strong presence in Great Poland, Lodz, Small Poland, and Low Carpates. They miss on the other hand on north of the country, a little populated. The discounters are very concentrated in Silesia with more than fifty points of sales but have a rather strong density in Poméranie, Lubusz, Big Poland, Cujavie, Lodz, Opole and low Silesia. Tesco is a leader of the hypermarkets, since his repurchase of thirteen stores of group HIT. Its share of market does not reach however 5 % of the sales of the great distribution. It is followed by Auchan and Real. The discounters meet a sharp success in Poland. Biedronka, a Polish discounter controled by the Portugal group Jeronimo Martins arrives for the moment at the head with 3,5 % of shares of market and seven hundred points of sales in 2004, followed by Leader Price. The chain Albert is placed at the head of the supermarkets, follow-up by Champion and Intermarket. This arrival in force of the great distribution caused tensions and the legislation on the new establishments was hardened in 2000, expect that the authorizations would be delivered by the communes, after consultation of associations of tradesmen and consumers. For these reasons, rise of the great distribution stagnates. The Polish market of the distribution is a market still little concentrated compared to those which we find in Weastern Europe or in North America. It is similar to that of Spain at the beginning of the years 1990. The great distribution
in Poland comprises a number of growing common features with the situation observed
in France, in particular with regard to the relations with the suppliers. However,
there are certain outstanding differences. Approximately 90 % of the products
in the rays are manufactured in Poland. Organisation of rays such as the pork-butchery,
bakery and alcohols follow the local food practices. The development of the marks
of distributors (MDD) is limited by a law of November 2002 against the unfair
competition, which imposes a limit of 20 % for the marketing of products of mark
in the stores of more than 400 m². However, the MDD develop under impulse
of the discounters, the specialized chains, in perfumery in agroalimentary, the
textile and perfumery. |
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